Innate vs. adaptive immunityAlcohol and the microbiomeHow alcohol affects the innate immune system Effects of alcohol on adaptive immunityAlcohol consumption and infectionReferencesFurther reading Although alcohol consumption is typically associated with […]

What is healthy hair and what is the science behind it? Here we discuss the structure of the hair and its propensity to exhibit a healthy appearance or otherwise. Why […]

IntroductionConcomitant disease: co-morbidity and multi-morbidityDiabetes: an example of a primary illness that causes several concomitant diseasesIncidence of concomitant illnessesPolypharmacy for concomitant diseasesChallengesReferencesFurther reading A concomitant illness exists at the same […]

Increasingly, tattoos are becoming more commonplace; however, this trend has raised safety concerns. There are toxicological and biokinetic considerations to be made in regard to tattoos. However, animal experiments that […]

Red blood cells are important mediators of the innate immune system. Depending on the cellular environment, these cells either activate the immune system or maintain the system in a dormant […]

Menopause is a pivotal event in the life of every woman, as it brings to an official end the years of menstruation, and by the same token, signals the almost […]

The application of physics principles, methods, and techniques in clinical practice and research has revolutionized the entire medical science field to improve human health and overall wellbeing. Image Credit: Nuttawut […]

IntroductionWhat is the Gut-Brain Access?The Psychological Effects of PsychobioticsWhat Evidence is There to Support the Role of Psychobiotics?Psychobiotics and Brain-Bacteria SignalingThe Psychobiotic RevolutionReferencesFurther Reading Psychobiotics refers to live bacteria that, […]

Together again. A tight-knit group, the Class of 2022 at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis gathered in person and with their loved ones Friday, March 18, to […]

According to the World Health Organization (2017), “Ideally, an environmentally sustainable health system improves, maintains or restores health, while minimizing negative impacts on the environment and leveraging opportunities to restore […]